下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.

A. point    B. tendency          C. result         d. finding

2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.

a. amazing       b. depressing         c. predictable        d. dull

3. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.

a. furnish       b. copy          c. publish       d. summarize

4. The group does not advocate the use of violence.

a. limit     b. regulate      c. oppose       d. support

5. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicate.

a. reproduced        b. invented     c. designed     d. reported

6. The department deferred the decision for six months.

a. put off        b. arrived at          c. abided by   d. protested against

7. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.

a. eased           b. appeared          c. improved   d. relieved

8. The uniform makes the guards look absurd.

a. serious         b. ridiculous         c. beautiful    d. impressive

9. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.

a. silent    b. motionless        c. seated        d. true

10. The country was torn apart by strife.

a. poverty        b. war       c. conflict     d. economy

11. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.

a. act          b. homework     c. justice        d. model

12. A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness.

a. equal        b. certain       c. large          d. opposite

13. His professional career spanned 16 days.

a. started         b. changed     c. moved       d. lasted

14. His stomach felt hollow with fear.

a. sincere         b. respectful          c. terrible       d. empty

15. This was disaster on a cosmic scale.

a. modest        b. huge          c. commercial       d. national

第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.

 That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S. News. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into "them", who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana, and "us", the serious news people. But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.

Working in the reputable world of journalism, I told photographers to cover other people's difficult life situations. I justified marching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the reader's right to know. I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines. And I wasn't alone.

In any American town, after a car crash or some other horrible incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to take photos of the blood and injuries. But you are likely to see local newspaper and television photographers on the scene –and fast…

How can we justify doing this? Journalists are taught to separate, doing the job from worrying about the consequences of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business saying: Leave your conscience in the office, A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead. Your job is to record the image （图象）. You're a photographer, not an emergency medical worker. You put away your feelings and document the scene.

But catastrophic events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. They rush to obtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and death is usually the subject. Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it up for bid by major magazines. The most sought-after special pictures command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests.

I worked on all those stories and many like them. When they happen, you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to the pictures.

Now, many people believe journalists are the hypocrites（伪君子）who need to be brought down, and it's our pictures that most anger others. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between clear-minded "us" and mean-spirited "them". In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right.

16. The writer never got an offer for a photograph of a dead person.

A. Right    B. Wrong         C. Not mentioned

17. The writer was a photographer sixteen years ago.

A. Right    B. Wrong         C. Not mentioned

18. The writer believes that shooting people’s nightmares is justifiable.

A. Right    B. Wrong         C. Not mentioned

19. News photographers are usually a problem for secure workers at an accident.

A. Right    B. Wrong         C. Not mentioned

20. Journalists aren’t supposed to think about whether they are doing the right thing.

A. Right    B. Wrong         C. Not mentioned

21. Editors sometimes have to pay a lot of money for exclusive pictures.

A. Right    B. Wrong         C. Not mentioned

22. Many people say that they are annoyed by the US News pictures.

A. Right    B. Wrong         C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

1. Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. And that’s what he has always been about. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking.

2. Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits. He believes that E.T. is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parent’s 1966 divorce, “It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life.”“He was scared of just about everything,” recalls his mother, Leah Adler. “When trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. And that’s just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.”

3. Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dad’s movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and World War ΙΙ battles. Spielberg’s talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, Spielberg became the center of attention. “Steven would start telling his ghost stories,” says Richard Y. Hoffman Jr., leader of Troop 294, “and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it.”

4. Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship（实习）in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back.

5. Now, many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. Ask him where he gets his ideas, Spielberg shrugs. “The process for me is mostly intuitive (凭直觉的),” he says. “There are films that I feel I need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel(续集) to Jurassic Park.”

 

23. Paragraph 1______

24. Paragraph 2______

25. Paragraph 3______

26. Paragraph 4______

A. Inspirations for his movies

B. The trouble of making movies

C. A funny man

D. Getting into the movie business

E. Telling stories to make friends

F. An aim of life

27. Some of Spielberg’s most successful movies came from _______

28. When Spielberg was a boy，he used to be scared of _________

29. Spielberg is very good at _________

30. Spielberg says he makes movies for _________

A. almost everything

B. telling scary stories

C. a number of reasons

D. making children laugh

E. his childhood memories

F. a lot of money

第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。

第一篇              The National Trust

The National Trust in Britain plays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoyment of the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although the Trust has received practical and moral support from the Government, it is not a rich Government department. It is a voluntary association of people who care for the unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain. It is a charity which depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of the public'. Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and places of historical interest.

The attention of the public was first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles of Britain by the death of Lord Lothian, who left his great seventeenth-century house to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it. This gift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's "Country House Scheme”. Under this scheme, with the help of the Government and the general public, the Trust has been able to save and make accessible to the public about one hundred and fifty of these old houses2. Last year about one and three quarters of a million people paid to visit these historic houses, usually at a very small charge.

In addition to country houses and open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and water mills, nature reserves, five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousand five hundred cottages or small village houses, as well as some complete villages. In these villages no one is allowed to build, develop 'or disturb the old village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in their original sixteenth-century style. Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline, woodland, and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development or disturbances of any kind are permitted. The public has free access to these areas and is only asked to respect the peace, beauty and wildlife.

So it is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and important organization and an essential and respected part of national life, preserving all that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only for future generations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who each year invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.

31. The national trust is a ____

A. government agency depending on voluntary service.

B. non-profit organization depending on voluntary service

C. government department but is not rich.

D. private organization supported by the government

 

32. The National Trust is dedicated to

A. preserving the best public enjoyment

B. providing the public with free access to historic buildings

C. offering better services to visitors home and abroad

D. protecting tho unspoiled countryside and historic buildings." n/

33. We can infer from paragraph 2 that Lord Lothion ____

A. donated all his money to the Trust

B. started the Country House Scheme

C. saved many old country houses in Britain

D. was influential in his time

34. All the following can be inferred from the passage except _____

A. the trust more interested in protecting the 16 century houses

B. many people came to visit the historic houses saved by the Trust

C. visitors can yet free access tu some places owned by the Trust

D. the Trust has a history which is longer than 80 years.

35. The word “invade” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

A. come in without permission    B. enter with invitation

C. visit in large number         D. appear 3'l of a sudden

第二篇             How we form first impression

第三篇           

Post-menopausal (绝经后) women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report, which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk.

A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of 97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993, so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.

They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of the women, 47%said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.

Dr. Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.”

Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said: “This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.”

She added:”We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”

41. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________

A. breathing exerciseB. regular walkingC. recreational activityD. lifestyle choices

42. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that____.

A. women have fewer chances of physical activity

B. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer

C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk

D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer

43. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____.

A. head of the survey study            B. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology

C. chair of the American Cancer Society   D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign

44. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity.

B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects.

C. Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the women

D. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women

45. The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to?

A. continuableB. affordableC. availableD. persistent

 

第5部分：补全短文（第46—50题，每题2分，共10分）

NEW YORK,NY, January 5,2010. St.Martin’s Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an “account of violence, rage, redemption(救赎)，and, ultimately forgiveness.”

The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young while college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal（折磨）, Thompson swore（发誓） to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist（强奸犯）, a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted（攻击） her brutally. (46 ) When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant (袭击者) from a book of mug shots（嫌疑犯照片）, she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in a lineup（行列）.

Based on her convincing eye witness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cotton’s lawyer appealed the decision（提出上诉）, and by the time of the appeals hearing（上诉听证会）, evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. (47 ) Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.

Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated(证明„„清白)Cotton and just as unequivocally(明确地) convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime. (48 ) “The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul,” she wrote. “And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent.”

 (49 ) Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled “Our memoir（回忆录） of injustice and redemption（拯救）.”

Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives “with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly. (50 )”

 

A. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally.

B. Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eyewitnesses.

C. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification occurred in a capital case

D. Another trial was held.

E. Thompson was shocked and devastated.

F. During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos (纹身), or other identifying marks.

第6部分：完形填空（第51—65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

The list of ills attributable to obesity keeps growing: Last week, obese people were accused of causing global warming.

This    (51) comes from Sheldon Jacobson of the University of Illinois, US, and a doctoral student, Laura McLay. Their study    (52) how much extra gasoline is needed to haul fat Americans around. The answer, they say, is a billion gallons of gas per year. It       (53)  an extra 11 million tons of carbon dioxide.

There has been           （54) for taxes on junk food in recent years.  US economist Martin Schmidt suggests a tax on fast food     (55) to people's cars." We tax cigarettes partly because of their health cost," Schmidt said. "Similarly, leading a lazy life style will end   (56) costing taxpayers more."

US political scientist Eric Oliver said his first instinct was to laugh at these gas and fast food arguments. But such     (57) are getting attention.

At the US Obesity Society's annual meeting, one person         (58) obesity with car accident deaths, and another correlated obesity with suicides. No one asked whether there was really a cause-and-effect relationship. "The funny thing was that everyone took it           (59)." Oliver said.

In a 1960s study, children were     (60) drawings of children with disabilities and without them, and a drawing of an obese child. They were asked    (61) they would want for a friend?  The obese child was picked last.

Three researchers recently repeated the study     (62) college students. Once again,   (63) no one, not even obese people, liked the obese person. "Obesity was stigmatized." the researchers said.

But, researchers say, getting      (64) is not like quitting smoking. People struggle to stop smoking, and, in the end, many succeed. Obesity is different. But, not because obese people don't care. Science has shown that they have limited personal control over their weight. Genes also     (65) a part.

　51.A study B project C experiment D conclusion
　　52.A doubts B reports C calculates D reviews
　　53.A turns B means C says D costs
　　54.A calls B cries C sounds D noises
　　55.A delivered B paid C spent D collected
　　56.A up B in C with D by
　　57.A answers B talks C claims D laughs
　　58.A mixed B correlated C contacted D involved

　　59.A seriously B well C hard D greatly
　　60.A bought B captured C shown D made
　　61.A what B where C why D which
　　62.A seeing B helping C using D surveying
　　63.A about B as C almost D like
　　64.A critical B tall C thin D confident
　　65.A decide B play C produce D use

2014年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）真题答案

1-15：BDADA  ABBBC ADDDB

16-22：BBACB AA

23-26：FAED      27-30：EABC

31-35：BDDAC

36-40：CCCAB

41-45：ABACA

46-50：FDEAC

50-65：DCBAA ACBAC DCCCB

---

第1部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.After wards there was just a feeling of let-down.

A. excitement    B. anger       C. Calm         D. disappointment

2.The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.

A. copy          B. furnish     C. publish      D.  summariza

3.The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.

A. hidden        B. inflexible   C.traditiona   D. official

4.He led a very moral life

A. honourable    B. human        C. intelligent  D .natural.

5.The majority of people around here are decent.

A. real          B. honest       C .normal        D. wealthy

6.His knowledge of French is fair.

A. very useful   B. very limited  C. quite good    D. rather special

7.The group does not advocate the use of violence.

A. limit         B. regalate      C. support       D .oppose

8.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.

A. pains         B. parts         C. aspects       D. results

9.It was a magic night until the spell was broken.

A. time          B. charm         C .space        D. opportunity

10.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system.

A. prove         B. discover      C. consider     D. imagine

11.Several windows had been smashed.

A. cleaned       B. replaced      C. broken       D. fixed

12.She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.

A. homework      B. act           C. justice      D. model

13.London quickly became a flourishing port.

A. major        B. large          C. successful   D. commercial

14.His professional career spanned 16 years.

A.  stareed      B. changed      C. moved      D. lasted

15.His stomach felt hollow with fear

A. empty        B. sincere       C. respectful  D. terrible

第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.

 

　　The Palm Islands are artificial islands in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on which major commercial and residential infrastructure will be constructed. They are being constructed by Nakheel Properties, a property developer in the United Arab Emirates, who hired the Dutch dredging and marine contractor Van Oord, one of the world's specialists in land reclamation. The islands are the Palm Jumeirah, the Palm Jebel Ali and the Palm Deira.

　　Each settlement will be in the shape of a palm tree, topped with a crescent, and will have a large number of residential, leisure and entertainment centers. The Palm Islands are located off the coast of The United Arab Emirates in the Persian Gulf and will add 520 kilometres of beaches to the city of Dubai.

　　The first two islands will comprise approximately 100 million cubic meters of rock and sand. Palm Deira will be composed of approximately 1 billion cubic meters of rock and sand. All materials will be quarried in the UAE. Between the three islands there will be over 100 luxury hotels, exclusive residential beach side villas and apartments, marinas, water theme parks, restaurants, shopping malls, sports facilities and health spas.

　　The creation of the Palm Jumeirah began in June 2001. Shortly after, the Palm Jebel Ali was announced and reclamation work began. The Palm Deira, which is planned to have a surface area of 46.35 square kilometre. Construction was originally planned to take 10–15 years, but that was before the impact of the global credit crunch hit Dubai.

 

　　16. Some Dutch engineers are experienced in reclaiming land from the sea.

　　    A . Right     B . Wrong     C . Not mentioned

　　17. The islands are being built in the deep water of the sea.

　　    A . Right     B . Wrong     C . Not mentioned

　　18. Rocks for building the breakwater were taken from the World of Islands.

　　    A . Right     B . Wrong     C . Not mentioned

　　19. All the luxury homes on Palm Jumeirah were sold.

　    　A . Right     B . Wrong     C . Not mentioned

　　20. The water theme park in Jebei All will attract more tourists.

　　    A . Right     B . Wrong     C . Not mentioned

　　21. The Palm Deira will be the same size as Paris.

　　    A . Right     B . Wrong     C . Not mentioned

　　22. The World Islands are bigger than the Palm Jumeirah

　　    A . Right     B . Wrong     C . Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

1. Steven Spielberg has always had one goal: to tell as many great stories to as many people as will listen. And that’s what he has always been about. The son of a computer scientist and a pianist, Spielberg spent his early childhood in New Jersey and, later, Arizona. From the very beginning, his fertile imagination filled his young mind with images that would later inspire his filmmaking.

2. Even decades later, Spielberg says he has clear memories of his earliest years, which are the origins of some of his biggest hits. He believes that E.T. is the result of the difficult years leading up to his parent’s 1966 divorce, “It is really about a young boy who was in search of some stability in his life.”“He was scared of just about everything,” recalls his mother, Leah Adler. “When trees brushed against the house, he would head into my bed. And that’s just the kind of scary stuff he would put in films like Poltergeist.”

3. Spielberg was 11 when he first got his hands on his dad’s movie camera and began shooting short flicks about flying saucers and World War ΙΙ battles. Spielberg’s talent for scary storytelling enabled him to make friends. On Boy Scout camping trips, when night fell, Spielberg became the center of attention. “Steven would start telling his ghost stories,” says Richard Y. Hoffman Jr., leader of Troop 294, “and everyone would suddenly get quiet so that they could all hear it.”

4. Spielberg moved to California with his father and went to high school there, but his grades were so bad that he barely graduated. Both UCLA and USC film schools rejected him, so he entered California State University at Long Beach because it was close to Hollywood. Spielberg was determined to make movies, and he managed to get an unpaid, non-credit internship（实习）in Hollywood. Soon he was given a contract, and he dropped out of college. He never looked back.

5. Now, many years later, Spielberg is still telling stories with as much passion as the kid in the tent. Ask him where he gets his ideas, Spielberg shrugs. “The process for me is mostly intuitive (凭直觉的),” he says. “There are films that I feel I need to make, for a variety of reasons, for personal reasons, for reasons that I want to have fun, that the subject matter is cool, that I think my kids will like it. And sometimes I just think that it will make a lot of money, like the sequel(续集) to Jurassic Park.”

23. Paragraph 1______

24. Paragraph 2______

25. Paragraph 3______

26. Paragraph 4______

A. Inspirations for his movies

B. The trouble of making movies

C. A funny man

D. Getting into the movie business

E. Telling stories to make friends

F. An aim of life

27. Some of Spielberg’s most successful movies came from _______

28. When Spielberg was a boy，he used to be scared of _________

29. Spielberg is very good at _________

30. Spielberg says he makes movies for ________

A. almost everything

B. telling scary stories

C. a number of reasons

D. making children laugh

E. his childhood memories

F. a lot of money

第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文回答其后面的问题，为每题确定一个最佳答案。

 

IKEA is the world's largest furniture retailer, and the man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad, one of the world's most successful entrepreneurs. Born in Sweden in 1926, Kamprad was a natural businessman. As a child, he enjoyed selling things and made small profits from selling matches, seeds, and pencils in his community. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him some money as a reward for his good grades. Naturally he used it to start up a business一IKEA.

IKEA's name comes from Kamprad's initials (I.K.) and the place where he grew up ('E' and 'A'). Today IKEA is known for its modern, minimalist furniture1, but it was not a furniture company in the beginning. Rather, IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods. Kamprad's wares included anything that he could sell for profits at discounted prices2, including watches, pens and stockings.

IKEA first began to sell furniture through a mail-order catalogue in 1947. The fUrniture was all designed and made by manufacturers near Kamprad's home. Initial sales were very encouraging, so Kamprad expanded the product line. Furniture was such a successful aspect of the business that IKEA became solely a furniture company in 1951.

In 1953 IKEA opened its first showroom in Almhult, Sweden. IKEA is known today for its spacious stores with furniture iti attractive settings, but in the early 1950s, people ordered from catalogues. Thus response to the first showroom was overwhelmiig: people loved being able to see and try the furniture before buying it. This led to increased sales and the company continued to thrive. By 1955, IKEA was designing all its own furniture.

In 1956 Kamprad saw a man disassembling a table to make it easier to transport. Kamprad was inspired. The man had given him a great idea: flat packaging3. Flat packaging would mean lower shipping costs for IKEA and lower prices for customers. IKEA tried it and sales soared. The problem was that people had to assemble furniture themselves, but over time, even this grew into an advantage for IKEA. Nowadays, IKEA is often seen as having connotations of  self-sufficiency. This image has done wonders for the company, leading to better sales and continued expansion.

Today there are over 200 stores in 32 countries. Amazingly, Ingvar Kamprad has managed to keep IKEA a privately-held company. In 2004 he was named the world's richest man. He currently lives in Switzerland and is retied from the day-to-day operations of IKEA. IKEA itself, though, just keeps on growing.

31. Kamprad established IKEA with

A . his personal savings  B . his father's reward for his school performance

C . large profits from selling things D . his school’s support

32. The author states in Paragraph 5 that flat packaging

A . needs large space to assembly fumiture

B, . is a business concept inspired by Kamprad

C . helps reduce transportation costs

D . makes the company self-sufficient

33. According to the passage.which of the following is NOT true?

A . IKEA experienced rapid expansion since the late 1950s

B . IKEA designd its own products since 1955

C . IKEA sold all kinds of miscellaneous goods originally

D . Kamprad sold his company after retirement

34. what is the auther’s attitude towards IKEA’s future according to

A . Indifferent  B . Doubtful  C . Optimistic D . Pessimistic

35. The passage is developed primarily in terms of

A . analysis of a process  B . examples that illustrate a problem

C . comanson and contrast  D . sequence events

第二篇             Approaches to Understanding Intelligences

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It bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.

Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .

    Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.

Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .

Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes  that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .

Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .

 

36. What is the main idea of this passage?

A . The importance of intelligence B . The development of intelligence tests

C . How to understand intelligence D . How to become intelligent

37. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?

A . Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests

B . Intelligent people do not do well on group tests

C . Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests

D . People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests

38. Gardner believe that

A . all children are alike

B . children have different intelligences

C . children should take one intelligence test

D . there is no general intelligence

39. According to Gardner schools should

A . promote development of all intelligences

B . test student's who do poorly on tests

C . train students who do poorly on tests

D . focus on finding the most intelligent students

40. Gardner thinks that his theory has a

A . musical foundation    B . intrapersonal foundation

C . linguistic foundation D . biological foundation

Traditionally， it has been the workers' role to work and management's role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought to consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers' opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most， companies have provided “suggestion boxes” in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years， however， many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor-they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore， major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings， which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers， then play a stronger role in management?

Workers should have a role in management. At the very least the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. (A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.)Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs， often with no warning. At least 90 days——notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions that will help keep the plant operating.

It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial  decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow， they will help to make improvements， their morale will rise， and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans， bonuses， or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally， when a plant can no longer operate at a profit， the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

 

41. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that managers

A . were not qualified

B . seldom obtain workers opinion

C . dislike suggestion workers opinions

D . never consulted the tapor torce

42. In recent years，many management specialists have been arguing they

A . should have a say in management of the company

B . are no longer sellers of the products

C . are less affected by company decisions than before             

D . are able to make final decisions for the company

43. The word rank-file Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

A . senior

B . ordinary

C . intelligent

D . capable

44. According to the passage，what happened between 1980 and 1985

A . About five million workers were laid off without advance notice

B . Managers consulted workers before closing a plant

C . Workers did not make necessary concession

D . Many companies were closed because of strikes

45. If not give a voice in managerial decision making，workers

A . may lack the incentive to increase their productivity

B . cannot get a share in the company’s profits

C . can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity

D . will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant

第5部分：补全短文（第46—50题，每题2分，共10分）

　　下面的短文有5处空白；短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

When Carios Westez died at the age of 76. A language died, too.Westez, more commonly known as Red Thunder Cloud,was the last speaker of the Native American language Catawba.Anyone who wants to hear the songs of the Catawba can contact the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., where, back in the 1940s, Red Thunder Cloud recorded a series of songs for future generations.      （46）They are all that is left of the Catawba language. The language that people used to speak is gone forever.

We are all aware of the danger that modern industry can cause the world’s ecology（生态）.However,few people are aware of the impact widely spoken languages have on other languages and ways of life. English has spread all over the world. Chinese, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi have become powerful languages as well. As these languages become more powerful, their use as tools of business and culture increases. As well,    （47）When this happens, hundreds of languages that are spoken by only a few die out.

    Scholars believe there are around 6,000 languages around the world, but more than half of them could die out within the next 100 years. There are many examples,Araki is a the language of the island of Vanuatu, located in the Pacific Ocean.It is spoken by only a few older adults，so like Catawba，Araki will soon disappear. Many languages of ethiopia will have the same fate because each one has only a few speakers.       （48）In the Americas, 100 languages, each of which has fewer than 300 speakers, are dying out.

Red Thunder Cloud was one of the first to recognize the danger of language death and to try to do something about it. He was not actually born into the Catawba tribe, and the language was not his mother tongue.　　（49）. The songs he sang for the Smithsonian Institution helped to make Native American music popular. Now he is gone, and the language is dead.

What does it mean for the rest of us when a language disappears?When a plant, insect, or animal species dies, it is easy to understand what has been lost and to for the balance of the natural word. However, language is only a product of the mind. To be the last remaining speaker of a language，like Red Thunder，must be a peculiarly lonely destiny, almost as strange and terrible as being the last surviving member of a dying species.    （50）

A . Some people might want to learn some of these songs by hearts.

B . Papus New Guines is an extremely rich source of different language，but more than 100 of them are in danger of extinction（灭绝）.

C . However，he was a frequent visitor to the Catawba reservation in South Carcinoma where he learned the language.

D . There language don’t have many native speakers.

E . For the rest of us, when a language dies, we lose the possibility of a unique way of seeing and describing the world.

F . As these language become more powerful.their use as tools of business and culture increase.

第6部分：完形填空（第51—65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

　　Public relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company， including publicity releases， designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image.

　　Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm， usually in the       (51) of press releases or press conferences. Since public relations involves communications with stockholders， financial analysts， government officials， and other noncustomer groups， it is usually          (52) outside the marketing department， perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a           (53)  because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with marketing efforts. Poor communication and no coordination may be the       (54) . Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence      (55)  the public image， this influence generally may be less than        (56)  provided by the other components of the public image mix.

Publicity may be in the form of news releases that have       (57)  overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department. Publicity on the other       (58)  should not be divorced from the marketing department， as it can       (59)  a useful adjunct to the regular advertising.      (60) ， not all publicity is initiated by the firm; some can       (61)  from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain     (62)  or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised.

　　The     (63)  we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function， whether within the company or an outside firm， can take      (64)  of public image problems and opportunities. Many factors impact on the public image. Many of these have to do with the way the    (65)  does business， such as its product quality， the servicing and handling of complaints， and the tenor of the advertising. Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events， and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity， but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.

51.A matter     B form       C system        D direction
52.A placed     B approved   C developed     D changed
53.A desire     B quality    C limitation    D feature
54.A images     B methods    C consequences  D conclusions
55.A in         B for        C on            D at
56.A all        B that       C waht          D which
57.Aserious     B negative   C favorable     D unlikely
58.A side       B part       C hand          D area

59.A produce    B connect    C involve       D provide
60.A Yet        B Otherwise  C Furthermore   D Rather

61.A make       B result     C tell          D keep
62.A activities B actions    C performances  D relations
63.A tradition  B contrast   C nature        D point
64.A charge     B over       C care          D note
65.A manager    B public     C department    D firm

 

综合B

　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

　　1.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.

　　A. fine  B. winter  C. outdoor  D. extra
　　2. Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.
　　A. excitement  B. anger  C. calm  D. disappointment
　　3. The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.
　　A. conference  B. party  C. publish  D. summarize
　　4. The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%.
　　A. return  B. realize C. increase  D. double
　　5. Some comments are just inviting trouble.
　　A. asking for  B. keeping out of  C. getting into  D. suffering from
　　6. His knowledge of French is fair.
　　A. very useful  B. very limited  C. quite good  D. rather special
　 7. The book raised a storm of controversy.
　　A. damage  B. voice  C. doubt  D. argument

　　8. My principal concern is to get the job done fast.
　　A. serious  B.main C. deep D. particular
　　9. Lack of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.
　　A. receives  B. deserves  C. accepts  D. prevents
　　10. He made a number of rude remarks about the food.
　　A. comments  B. signs  C. manners  D. noises
　　11. They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present system
　　A. prove  B. discover  C. consider  D. imagine
　　12. His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.
　　A. hope  B. jump  C. silence  D. life

　　13. The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.
　　A. parts  B. aspects  C. pains  D. results

　　14. I’m sure I’ll be able to amuse myself for a few hours.

　　A. entertain  B. treat C. hold  D. keep

　　15. Several windows had been smashed.
　　A. cleaned  B. broken  C. replaced  D. fixed
　　答案：DDACA CDBDA BBCAB

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

　　The Most Wonderful Islands(同综合B阅读判断)
　　The Palm Islands are the largest artificial islands in the world and are under construction in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates. They are being developed as tourist, leisure, and residential resorts, and will increase the coastline of the country by 120 kilometres.

　　After four years of planning and careful consideration of the environmental issues, construction started in 2001. Dutch engineers with experience of reclaiming land from the sea were employed in the building of the first two islands. The site for all three islands is an area of the sea where the water is not very deep. Sand is taken from the seabed and sprayed into the construction site. Although the shallow water facilitates this process, the islands are still very exposed to the currents and tidal movements of the sea. Rocks are used to hold the sand in place resulting in a large crescent (月状的) structure. This acts as a breakwater and protects the islands from the sea.
　　The first two islands are in the shape of date palm trees and consist of a trunk and 17 frond, or leaves coming off the trunk. The first island, named Palm Jumeirah, has three five-star hotels in the trunk, and luxury homes in the leaves. It is astonishing that when these homes went on sale in 2004, they were all sold within three days.

　　The second palm, Jebel Ali, was started in 2002 and is designed to be an entertainment centre. Six marinas (小游艇船坞) are planned, with a water theme park, and homes built on stilts (桩柱) in the water.
　　The Palm Deira planned to be the largest of the three islands, with a length of 14 km and a width of 8.5 km, an area larger than the city of Paris. It will consist of residential properties, marinas, shopping malls, sports facilities, and clubs. These will be open to both residents and tourists.
　　More artificial islands, the World Islands, are now being constructed near the Palm Jumeirah. They consist of 300 private islands grouped into the shape of the continents of the world and will be used for estates, private homes, community islands, and resorts.
　　Unquestionably, these artificial islands are one of the wonders of the modern world. They will also maintain Dubai’s status as one of the leading tourist destinations in the region.
　　16. Some Dutch engineers are experienced in reclaiming land from the sea.
　　A. Right     B. Wrong      C. Not mentioned
　　17. The islands are being built in the deep water of the sea.
　　A. Right      B. Wrong       C. Not mentioned
　　18. Rocks for building the breakwater were taken from the World of Islands.
　　A. Right        B. Wrong       C. Not mentioned
　　19. All the luxury homes on Palm Jumeirah were sold.
　　A. Right       B. Wrong      C. Not mentioned
　　20. The water theme park in Jebei All will attract more tourists.
　　A. Right     B. Wrong      C. Not mentioned
　　21. The Palm Deira will be the same size as Paris.
　　A. Right       B. Wrong       C. Not mentioned
　　22. The World Islands are bigger than the Palm Jumeirah.
　　A. Right     B. Wrong       C. Not mentioned
　　答案：ABCACBC

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

　　Body Language in the United States
　　1   Most people shake hands and make eye contact when they meet people for the first time. Among very good friends, a woman may give another woman a little hug, and a man may kiss a woman quickly on the cheek. Males don't usually hug one another; however, this is changing. Men usually shake hands with the right hand. Sometimes they use the left hand to either cover the handshake or lightly hold the other person's arm. This shows greater warmth and friendship. Most people wave hello or good-bye by extending the arm, palm facing outward, and twisting the hand at the wrist. Another way is to raise the arm, palm outward, and move the whole arm and hand back and forth. This is important to know because in many other countries, the same movements mean “no”.
　　2   When people are waiting in a public place, such as the post office, they usually form lines. Some people get angry and complain if someone pushes their way into a line or jumps ahead of other people. Moreover, many women like men to open doors for them. They also like men to give up their seats on public transportation. However, some women do not like this type of behavior. They feel that men and women should be treated in the same way.
　　3   In the United States, it’s important to make direct eye contact in business and social situations. If you don’t make eye contact, people will probably think that you are bored or not interested. If there is silence in these situations, people usually try to make conversation. Periods of silence make many people uncomfortable. People in the United States usually stand about one arm’s length away from each other while talking or standing together. This space is called “the comfort zone.”
　　4    In the United States, mothers sometimes show that they are angry with children by shaking an index finger at them. People may show that they like children by patting them on the top of the head.

23. Paragraph 1 ____B_____
　　24. Paragraph 2 ____C_____

　　25. Paragraph 3 ____E_____
　　26. Paragraph 4 ____A_____

　　A. Body language with children
　　B. Body language for greetings and good-byes
　　C. Body language in public places

　　D. Impolite body language
　　E. Body language in business and social life
　　F.  Use of silence

　　27. When men shake hands, they sometimes use the left hand to cover ___B____.

　　28. Some women don’t want men to give up their seats on ___A____.
　　29. People usually make eye contact with each other during ___C____.
　　30. An angry mother sometimes shakes an index finger at ___E____.
　　A. public transportation
　　B. the handshake
　　C. a business meeting
　　D. line of people
　　E. her kids
　　F.  long period of silence
　　答案：BCEA BACE

 

　　(出处：2014年职称英语教材综合类阅读判断    第一篇 Taking Pictures of the World)
　　Annie Griffiths Belt is a National Geographic photographer. She has worked for National Geographic since 1978，and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world. In fact, Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasn't seen yet.

　　Belt's photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan, as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England. Recently，her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America.

　　Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language. “The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into peopled lives,” she has said. “The camera is like a passport, and I am often overwhelmed (激动得不知所措) by how quickly people welcome me!”
　　Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new people. When people speak the same language, greetings and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each other. When people don't speak the same language, a smile is very helpful. Having something in common can also help break the ice. For example, Belt has traveled with her two children, so when she takes pictures of children or their parents，they all have that family connection in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together.
　　Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that can't afford to hire a professional photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at your best photographs. If you're a real photographer, your photos are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers.
　　Remember, the next time you look at a beautiful photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, don't be afraid to break the ice. The connection you make could be very rewarding.
　　31. Belt’s photographs are praised for all of the following EXCEPT

　　A. their good quality.
　　B. different cultures.
　　C. various shapes.
　　D. their beauty.

32. The word “privilege” in Paragraph 3 means
　　A. advantage.

　　B. responsibility.
　　C. part.
　　D. coverage.
　　33. The sentence “the camera is like a passport” in Paragraph 3 implies

　　A. a photographer can visit a foreign country without a passport.

　　B. customs officials like taking pictures.
　　C. good cameras can make others accept you quickly.

　　D. taking pictures can help meet people in different places.
　　34. In the fourth paragraph, the author mainly discusses how to
　　A. greet strangers of different cultures.

　　B. have family connection in common.
　　C. get on well with people in bad weather.
　　D. break the ice in communication.

　　35. Belt suggests that those who want to be a photographer should

　　A. know how to connect with others.
　　B. volunteer to break the ice in conversation.

　　C. learn from the professionals’ works.

　　D. take pictures of different regions.
　　答案：CADDC

第2篇  Approaches to Understanding Intelligences(同理工A/B、综合B其中一篇阅读理解)

　　It pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.

　　Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.
　　Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests. These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words, numbers, or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.
　　Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brains of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
　　Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling. He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences. These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
　　Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one part of the Brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of Brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence: linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic (身体动觉的), and naturalistic .
　　36. What is the main idea of this passage?
　　A. How to understand intelligence.
　　B. The importance of intelligence.

　　C. The development of intelligence tests.
　　D. How to become intelligent.

　37. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?

　　A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.
　　B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.
　　C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.
　　D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.
　　38. Gardner believes that ______.
　　A. children have different intelligences.
　　B. all children are alike.

　　C. children should take one intelligence test.
　　D. there is no general intelligence.

　　39. According to Gardner, schools should ______.
　　A. test students’ IQs.

　　B. train students who do poorly on tests.

　　C. focus on finding the most intelligent students.

　　D. promote development of all intelligences.
　　40. Gardner thinks that his theory has a ______.
　　A. musical foundation.

　　B. biological foundation.
　　C. intrapersonal foundation.
　　D. linguistic foundation.
　　答案：ABADB

　　In 1959 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude from that held in 1867, when the peninsula (半岛) was purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1.500 000 square kilometers of icebergs and polar beam” —beyond Canada's western borders, far from the settled areas of the United States.
　　In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of icebergs and polar bears. Ice masses lie buried in the earth. From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.
　　Alaska is America's largest state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.
　　Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from Mongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1/41. The Eskimos are the state’s earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the United States, most of the traders had departed.
　　In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousands of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transportation is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the US mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages.
　　The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stones about mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaskan waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams, and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the state's chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp (纸浆). In recent years, Alaska's single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.
　　41. Alaska is an American state that

　　A. locates within the Arctic Circle.
　　B. was known by Americans before 1867.
　　C. lies to the east of Canada.
　　D. was once owned by Russia.

　42. Which of the following is true about Alaska?

　　A. The sun never sets on its land in May

　　B. Some of its land is fit for plowing.

　　C. It is a mountainous land.

　　D. It has two seasons: spring and winter.
　　What is true about the Eskimos?

　　A. They are the natives of Alaska.
　　B. They moved to Alaska from Denmark.

　　C. They had a long fight with the Russian traders.

　　D. They discovered gold near the Klondike River.

　　44. What transportation device is widely used in Alaska?

　　A. Bus.
　　B. Ship.

　　C. Plane.
　　D. Train.
　　45. What is mainly responsible for the economic growth in Alaska now?
　　A. Gold.
　　B. Oil.
　　C. Fish.
　　D. Fur.
　　答案：DBACC

第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

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Do You Have a Sense of Humor?　(同理工C补全短文)
　　Humor and laughter are good for us. There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually. In fact, every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive, healing way. So how can we get more laughter into our lives? __B__ (46) Psychologist and author, Steve Wilson, has some answers.
　　Many people believe that we are born with a sense of humor. They think, “either you’ve got it, or you don’t.” Dr. Wilson points out that this is false. __D__ (47)
　　The parts of the brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth. ___C__ (48) (After all, when a baby laughs, we don’t rush over and say, “That kid has a great sense of humor!”) A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a lifetime.
　　Sometimes people think that they don’t have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers. Dr. Wilson reminds us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor. __A__ (49) Then we will make others laugh, too.

　　A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and able to see the funny side of everyday life. One of the best definitions of a sense of humor is “the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation.” Consider this sign from a store window. “Any faulty merchandise will be cheerfully replaced with merchandise of equal quality.” The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store’s excellent service __F__ (50) As Dr. Wilson says, “a good sense of humor means that you don’t have to be funny, you just have to see what’s funny.”
　　A. He advises us to lose our inhibitions (抑制) and try to laugh at ourselves.

　　B. Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?

　　C. However, that does not mean that infants have a sense of humor.

　D. What is true, however, is that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smile.

　　E. Everyone experiences this emotion.
　　F. He had a serious purpose, but if you have a sense of humor, you will probably find the sign funny!

　　答案：BDCAF

第6部分：完形填空（第61~65题，每题1分，共15分） 

　(出处：2014年职称英语教材综合类补全短文    第一篇What We Take from and Give to the Sea)

　　51 A feed B attract C save D affect

　　52 A buy B treat C have D use

　　53 A flow B place C pour D throw
　　54 A before B until C after D for
　　55 A up B in C away D over
　　56 A Such B All C Another D Other
　　57 A change B become C make D turn
　　58 A material B item C product D food
　　59 A source B gift C thing D matter

　　60 A cure B cause C experience D catch
　　61 A done B removed C dried D made
　　62 A costing B working C paying D depending
　　63 A gives B gets C teaches D obtains
　　64 A if B when C although D because
　　65 A Reducing B Collecting C Removing D Dumping
　　答案：ADBCA DBDBB BDABD